Embedded Design Using Programmable Gate Arrays

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Embedded Design Using Programmable Gate Arrays
Dennis Silage silage@temple.edu astro.temple.edu/~silage

Bookstand Publishing 2008, ISBN 978-1-58909-486-4, 320 pages with downloadable complete Xilinx ISE WebPACK project files. Text announcement can be download here.

This text is intended as a supplementary text and laboratory manual for undergraduate students in a contemporary course in digital logic and embedded systems. Professionals who have not had an exposure to the fine grained FPGA, the Verilog HDL, an EDA software tool or the new paradigm of the controller and datapath and the FSM will find that this text and the Xilinx Spartan-3E Starter Board provides the necessary experience in this emerging area of electrotechnology.

Embedded Design Using Programmable Gate Arrays describes the analysis and design of modern embedded systems using the field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA has traditionally provided support for embedded design by implementing customized peripherals and controller and datapath algorithmic state machines. Although microprocessor-based computer systems have usually been used for the design of larger scale embedded systems, the paradigm of the FPGA now challenges that notion of such a fixed architecture especially with the constraints of real-time.

This new paradigm in embedded system design machine describes the Verilog behavioral synthesis of finite state machine as a controller and datapath architecture in digital signal processing (DSP), digital communications, digital control and data communication utilizing the FPGA, the integration of external interface hard peripherals and the implementation of a custom internal soft core peripherals and soft core processors.

The transition to embedded system design now in the massively parallel and fine grained architecture of the modern FPGA is described in-part by the translation of C/C++ program segments for real-time processing to a controller and datapath architecture or an algorithmic state machine. However, the emergence of the Xilinx 8-bit PicoBlaze and 32-bit MicroBlaze soft core processors now also challenges the conventional microprocessor with its fixed architecture for embedded system design.

Embedded Design Using Programmable Gate Arrays features the Xilinx Spartan-3E™ FPGA and the Digilent Basys Board and the Spartan-3E Starter Board, the Xilinx Integrated Synthesis Environment (ISE) WebPACK design environment in Verilog HDL, the Xilinx CORE Generator for LogiCORE Verilog modules and the Xilinx Embedded Development Kit (EDK) for the Xilinx 8-bit PicoBlaze soft core processor. The complete Xilinx ISE WebPACK Verilog source code modules for the projects delineated in the text and executing on the the Spartan-3E Starter Board are provided for download. A limited number of Xilinx ISE WebPACK projects can execute on the less expensive Diligent Spartan-3E Basys Board (www.digilentinc.com)

An excerpt from the text entitled DSP on the Spartan-3E Starter Board was published on Programmable Logic Design Line (www.pldesignline.com) and available for download here.

Purchase The text can be purchased at Bookstand Publishing

Announcement The text announcement can be downloaded here

Download Complete Xilinx ISE WebPACK Projects to accompany Embedded Design Using Programmable Gate Arrays for the Spartan-3E Starter Board can be downloaded in ZIP archive format here (~30 MB, s3eEDPGA.zip). The ZIP archive files are password protected as described in Appendix A of the text.

Table of Contents

Chapter One Verilog Hardware Description Language

Programmable Logic Devices

Hardware Description Language

ABEL

Verilog

Verilog Syntax and Concepts

Number Formats

Signal Data Types

Strings and Arrays

Signal Operations

Arithmetic Operations

Structural Models in Verilog

Modules

Ports

Nested Modules

User Defined Primitives

Behavioral Models in Verilog

Continuous Assignment

Single Pass Behavior

Cyclic Behavior

Blocking and Non-Blocking Assignments

Control Flow

Functions and Tasks

Finite State Machines

Controller-Datapath Architecture

C to Verilog Translation

Arithmetic Functions

FPGA and Microprocessor Comparison

Summary

References

Chapter Two Verilog Design Automation

Xilinx ISE WebPACK

Project Creation

Project Implementation

Design Summary

Xilinx CORE Generator

LogiCORE Creation

Implementation Comparison

Xilinx Floorplanner

Xilinx Simulator

Xilinx Verilog Language Templates

Xilinx Architecture Wizard

Xilinx LogiCORE Blocks

Warnings and Errors in Synthesis

Summary

References

Chapter Three Programmable Gate Array Hardware

Evaluation Boards

Basys Board

Spartan-3E Starter Board

Selection of an Evaluation Board

User Control File

Hardware Components and Peripherals

Crystal Clock Oscillator

Light Emitting Diodes

Push Buttons and Slide Switches

Rotary Shaft Encoder

Seven Segment Display

Liquid Crystal Display

PS/2 Keyboard Port

PS/2 Mouse Port

Digital-to-Analog Converter

Spartan-3E Starter Board DAC

Basys Board DAC

Analog-to-Digital Converter

Spartan-3E Starter Board

Preamplifier and ADC

Basys Board ADC

Auxiliary Ports and Peripherals

Hardware Expansion Port and Connectors

Auxiliary Hardware Peripherals

Summary

References

Chapter Four Digital Signal Processing, Communications and Control

Sampling and Quantization

Discrete Time Sequences

Discrete Frequency Response

Analog Output

DSP Embedded System

IIR Digital Filter

FIR Digital Filter

FIR Compiler

DSP System

Wavefront DSP System

Implementations

Sine-Cosine Look-Up Table

DTMF Generator

Direct Digital Synthesis Compiler

Frequency Generator

Frequency Shift Keying

Phase Shift keying

Quaternary Phase Shift Keying

Linear Finite Shift Register

Data Communication

RS-232 Standard

Manchester Encoder-Decoder

Digital Control

Pulse Width Modulation

Servomotor Control

Summary

References

Chapter Five Embedded Soft Core Processors

Programmable Gate Array Processors

Xilinx PicoBlaze Development Tools

Xilinx PicoBlaze Processor Architecture

Xilinx PicoBlaze Reference Projects

Initial Design

Programmable Amplifier and Analog-to-Digital Converter

Digital-to-Analog Converter

Frequency Generator

Frequency Counter

Pulse Width Modulation and Control

Soft-core Processors and Peripherals

Summary

References

Appendix

Project File Download